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Muhammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab (; (アラビア語:محمد بن عبد الوهاب); 1703 – 22 June 1792) was a Sunni Muslim preacher and scholar from Nejd in central Arabia who claimed to "purify" Islam by returning it to what, he believed, were the original principles of that religion as the ''salaf'', that is first three generations of Muslims, understood it. He rejected certain common Muslim practices which he regarded as amounting to either religious innovation (''bid‘ah'') or polytheism (''shirk''). Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's pact with Muhammad bin Saud helped to establish the Emirate of Diriyah, the first Saudi state.〔Hourani 1992: 257–258〕 and began a dynastic alliance and power-sharing arrangement between their families which continues to the present day in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Al ash-Sheikh, Saudi Arabia's leading religious family, are the descendants of Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab, and have historically led the ulama in the Saudi state,〔Abir 1987: 4, 5, 7〕 dominating the state's clerical institutions.〔Metz 1992〕 His movement is today often known as "Wahhabism", although many adherents see this as a derogatory term coined by his opponents, and prefer it to be known as the Salafi movement.〔(The National, March 18, 2010: ''There is no such thing as Wahabism, Saudi prince says'' ) Linked 2015-03-03〕 Many scholars claim that Salafism is a term applicable to several forms of puritanical Islam in various parts of the world, while Wahhabism refers to the specific Saudi school, which is seen as a more strict form of Salafism. According to Ahmad Moussalli, professor of political science at the American University of Beirut, "As a rule, all Wahhabis are Salafists, but not all Salafists are Wahhabis". Yet others say that while Wahhabism and Salafism originally were two different things, they became practically indistinguishable in the 1970s.〔Abou El Fadl, Khaled M., ''The Great Theft'', HarperSanFrancisco, 2005, p.79〕〔(Navalk Post Graduate School Thesis, September 2009, Michael R. Dillon: ''Wahhabism: Is it a factor in the spread of global terrorism?'', pp 3-4 ) Linked 2015-03-03〕 20th century Albanian scholar Nasiruddin Albani refers his activism to as "Najdi da'wah." ==Early years== Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab is generally acknowledged〔While there is some consensus over these details, the opinion is not unanimous over the specifics in regard to his place and date of birth. Seemingly his recognition with the Banu Tamim tribe thought is in line with the justification by some scholars of being the inheritor of the teachings of Ibn Taymiyyah.〕 to have been born in 1703〔Philby 1930: 8〕 into the sedentary Arab clan of Banu Tamim〔Glassé 2003: 470〕 (the Banu Tamim were not a nomadic tribe) in 'Uyayna, a village in the Najd region of the modern Saudi Arabia.〔〔EI1: 1086〕 He was thought to have started studying Islam at an early age, primarily with his father, ʿAbd al-Wahhab,〔ibn Ghannam: 75–76〕〔Hopwood 1972: 55〕 as his family was from a line of scholars of the Hanbali school of jurisprudence.〔EI2: 677–678〕 Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab reportedly spent some time studying with Muslim scholars in the cities of Mecca and Medina after performing Hajj, notably Mohammad Hayya Al-Sindhi.〔ibn 'Hajar: 17–19〕〔ibn Baaz: 21〕〔Official sources on Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's life put his visits to these cities in different chronological orders, and the full extent of such travels remains disputed among historians. As well, dates are missing in a great many cases, making it difficult to reconstruct a chronology of his life up until his return to 'Uyayna in 1740.〕 and in Basra (in southern Iraq).〔〔ibn Bishr: 7–8〕 Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab's teacher Abdallah ibn Ibrahim ibn Sayf introduced the relatively young man to Mohammad Hayya Al-Sindhi in Medina and recommended him as a student.〔 Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab and al-Sindhi became very close and Mohammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab stayed with him for some time.〔Voll 1975: 32–39〕 Scholars have described Muhammad Hayya as having an important influence on Mohammad Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab, who taught Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab to utilize informed individual analysis (ijtihad). Muhammad Hayya also taught Mohammad Ibn ʿAbd-al-Wahhab to reject popular religious practices associated with walis and their tombs that resembles later Wahhabi teachings.〔 Muhammad Hayya and his milieu are important for understanding the origins of at least the Wahhabi revivalist impulse.〔(BOOK REVIEWS – Robinson 3 (1): 116 – Journal of Islamic Studies )〕 Following his early education in Medina, Abdul Wahhab traveled outside of the peninsula, venturing first to Basra. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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